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Bahia incident
The Bahia incident was a naval skirmish fought in late 1864 during the American Civil War. A Confederate States Navy warship was captured by a Union warship in Bahia Harbor, Brazil. The engagement resulted in a United States victory, but also sparked an incident with the Brazilian government, which claimed the Americans had violated Brazil's neutrality by illegally attacking a vessel in their harbor.
==Background==
In late 1864, the nine gun sloop-of-war CSS ''Florida'' with 146 officers and crew headed south along the South American coast for the Pacific. She was in need of repairs and coal so her commander Lieutenant Charles Manigault Morris pulled into Bahia, Brazil at night on October 4, 1864 after a sixty-one day cruise. Unknown to the Confederates, the Union sloop-of-war was nearby, under Commander Napoleon Collins. ''Wachusett'' launched a boat and sent her towards the ''Florida''; once nearby, the Union sailors called out to the rebel crew, asking the name of their ship. Unaware who was making the inquiry, the rebels called out that the ship was the ''Florida'' and then asked what ship the sailors in the boat were from. The Union sailors responded that they were from HMS ''Curlew'' and returned went to the ''Wachusett'', then still out of sight of the ''Florida''.
The next morning, the Confederates spotted ''Wachusett'' as she sailed into Bahia harbor and anchored at the entrance of the bay. Later that day Morris met with the Provincial President of Brazil Antônio Joaquim da Silva Gomes, who gave him two days to repair and coal his vessel but said that he felt ''Florida'' was the cause of the standoff and if a battle occurred in Bahia harbor, the Brazilian Navy would be forced to retaliate against whoever fired the first shot. An admiral at the meeting suggested that ''Florida'' move closer to his sloop so that the Union ship would have a harder time of attacking the rebel vessel. The citadels of Bahia, Fort Santa Maria and Fort Barra, were put on high alert. Morris did as the admiral suggested and moved his ship closer to shore. Another boat from the ''Wachusett'' approached and delivered a letter to the ''Florida'' addressed "Captain Morris sloop Florida". The rebels rejected the letter because, as one of the Confederates told the Union sailors, the ship was not sloop ''Florida'' but CSS ''Florida''.
Commander Collins could not address the letter CSS ''Florida'' as it would be recognizing the government in rebellion. Collins then sent an American consul named De'Videcky to the Confederates with another message but before delivering it he first read aloud a letter addressed to him. In it Collins requested that Mr. De'Videcky challenge the rebels to fight. Hearing this, Lieutenant Morris told De'Videcky that he would not attack the Union sloop and would leave harbor once he had completed his mission. However, Morris stated that if attacked he would make every effort to defend his ship and destroy the ''Wachusett''.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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